Telescopes etc are already designed to give the same perspective and foreshortening effects as a "simple" lens or a pinhole camera. There can be some imperfections (e.g. "barrel distortions"), but these are pretty small. Compared to a single lens, a fancy telephoto lens captures more light (producing a brighter image), it may blur the out-of-focus part of the picture more, and it has less chromatic aberration, but the perspective projection is the same.
The perspective distortion comes for landscape photos are due to the field of view. So the absolute distance between lens and sensor doesn't matter, what matters is the ratio between that distance and the width of the sensor. As long as that ratio is the same as the ratio of the eye-to-picture distance and width of the picture, the perspectives will match.
The problem is that if you are looking at a landscape with your bare eyes, you will look at a quite large field of view. To reproduce that field of view when looking at the picture, you probably need to print it several meters wide, and look at it from a meter away or so. If you take a photo with the same field of view but print it at a handheld size, it will look "too small" and the perspective will seem exaggerated.
The perspective distortion comes for landscape photos are due to the field of view. So the absolute distance between lens and sensor doesn't matter, what matters is the ratio between that distance and the width of the sensor. As long as that ratio is the same as the ratio of the eye-to-picture distance and width of the picture, the perspectives will match.
The problem is that if you are looking at a landscape with your bare eyes, you will look at a quite large field of view. To reproduce that field of view when looking at the picture, you probably need to print it several meters wide, and look at it from a meter away or so. If you take a photo with the same field of view but print it at a handheld size, it will look "too small" and the perspective will seem exaggerated.