It might depend on the exact country you are thinking about, but I’d assume these models stand on top of solid labor laws and employer obligations that don’t need bargaining in the first place.
You don’t need an union if you have a government willing to pass laws benefiting all workers. You’ll see unions where these laws grossly mismatch the extent protections and adjustments are needed (in particular in profession where the employer is the gov itself, teachers for instance…)
It might depend on the exact country you are thinking about, but I’d assume these models stand on top of solid labor laws and employer obligations that don’t need bargaining in the first place.
You don’t need an union if you have a government willing to pass laws benefiting all workers. You’ll see unions where these laws grossly mismatch the extent protections and adjustments are needed (in particular in profession where the employer is the gov itself, teachers for instance…)